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Seamless ring rolling starts with a donut-shaped preform which
is squeezed between a free-turning I.D. roll and a driven O.D.
roll. Basically, the ring mill makes the section thinner while
increasing the ring diameter.
A cold forging process, upsetting or cold heading gathers
steel in the head and, if required, other locations along the
length of the part. Metal flows at right angles to the ram force,
increasing diameter and reducing length.
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Forging Terms and Definitions
From Machine forging to Rib-and-web forging
Courtesy of Forging Industry Association
Machine forging (upsetter forging): one made in a forging
machine or upsetter, in which a horizontally moving die in the
ram forces the alloy into the die cavities.
Mandrel forging: see saddle/mandrel forging.
Match: aligning a point in one die half with the corresponding
point in the opposite die half.
Microalloyed-steel forging: one made from a mircroalloyed
steel requiring only controlled cooling to reach optimum properties,
which is in contrast to conventional quenched-and-tempered steels
that require traditional heat treatments to achieve the same
results.
Microstructure: the microscopic structure of metals/alloys
as seen on a mounted, ground, polished and etched specimen to
reveal grain size, constituent phases, etc.
Near-net-shape forging: forging components as close as
possible to the required dimensions of the finished part.
Open die forging: one produced by working between flat
or simply contoured dies by repetitive strokes and continuous
manipulation of the workpiece; sometimes called hand forging.
Parting line: the plane that divides the two die halves
used in forging; also applies to the resulting forging and impression
dies.
Piercing: forming or enlarging a hole via a tapered or
cylindrical punch.
Plastic deformation: permanent distortion of a material
without fracturing it.
Plate: a flat, hot-rolled metal or alloy product whose
thickness is much less than its width.
Precision forging: any forging process that produces parts
to closer tolerances than conventional forging processes.
Preform: forging operation in which stock is preformed
or shaped to a predetermined size and contour prior to subsequent
die forging operations; also, ring blanks of a specific shape
for profile (contour) ring rolling.
Press forging: the shaping of metal between dies on a
mechanical or hydraulic press.
Quenched-and-tempered steel forging: one that is quenched
and tempered to produce the required hardness and properties;
should more accurately be referred to as hardened-and-tempered.
(Hardening and tempering are heat treatments that follow austenitizing,
which is usually the first heat treatment performed on carbon-
and alloy-steel forgings.)
Restriking: a salvage operation following a primary forging
operation - rehitting forgings in the same die in which they
were last forged.
Rib: a forged wall or vertical section generally projecting
in a direction parallel to the ram stroke.
Rib-and-web forging: one whose basic configuration consists
of ribs and webs.
Continue Terms and Definitions
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