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Backward extrusion, another cold forging process, produces
hollow parts. Here, the metal flows back around the descending
ram in the opposite direction.
Forward extrusion, a basic cold forging operation, reduces
slug diameter while increasing length. Stepped shafts and cylinders
are typical examples of this process.
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Forging Terms and Definitions
From Ring rolling to Wide tolerance
Courtesy of Forging Industry Association
Ring rolling: forming seamless rings from pierced discs
or thickwalled, ring-shaped blanks between rolls that control
wall thickness, ring diameter, height and contour.
Roll forging: shaping stock between power driven rolls
that incorporate contoured dies; used for preforming and to produce
finished parts.
Rough machining: an initial machining operation that leaves
adequate stock for subsequent finish machining.
Saddle/mandrel forging: rolling and forging a pierced
disc over a mandrel to yield a seamless ring or tube.
Slab: a flat-shaped semifinished, rolled metal ingot with
a width not less than 10 in. and a cross-sectional area not less
than 16 sq. in.
Standard tolerance: an established tolerance for a certain
class of product; preferred over "commercial" or "published"
tolerance.
Straightening: a finishing operation for correcting misalignment
in a forging or between different sections of a forging.
Structural integrity: inherent microstructural soundness
of forgings as a result of achieving 100% density, uniform metallurgical
structure and grain size, as well as the absence of porosity,
segregation, large inclusions and other non-forged part defects.
Swaging: reducing the size of forging stock; alternately,
forging in semicontoured dies to lengthen a blank.
Target machining: incorporating a "target" (benchmark
or gage point) on a forging to facilitate machining; coined locating
surfaces and drilled centers are commonly used.
Tolerance: the specified permissible deviation from a
specified or nominal dimension; the permissible variation in
the size of a part.
Trimming: performed hot or cold, the mechanical shearing
of flash or excess material from a forging by use of a trimmer
in a trim press.
Upset forging: one made by upset of an appropriate length
of bar, billet or bloom; working metal to increase the cross-sectional
area of a portion or all of the stock.
Upsetter (forging machine): a machine with horizontal
action used to produce upset forgings.
Warm forging: forging of steel at temperatures ranging
from about 1000 degrees F to just below the normal hot working
range of 1900 to 2300 degrees F.
Web: a relatively flat, thin portion of a forging - generally
parallel to the forging plane - that connects ribs and bosses.
Wide tolerance: any special tolerance wider than "standard".
Continue Terms and Definitions
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